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总序 易宪容1

1 “A giant as a dwarf in economics”1

General foreword Yi Xianrong1

1 “侏儒的经济学巨人”1

1．1 步入经济学领域（1912～1945）2

1．1 Getting into the field of economics(1912～1945)2

1．2 重返芝加哥（1946～1955）18

1．2 Returning to Chicago(1946～1955)18

1．3 货币主义的兴起（1956～1976）22

1．3 Springing up of monetarism(1956～1977)22

1．4 Winning the Nobel Prize in economics (1976～)27

1．4 荣获诺贝尔经济学奖（1976～）27

2．1 货币主义的含义30

2．1 Implications of monetarism30

2 The modern theory of monetary quantity: its thought originsandhistoricalbackground30

2 现代货币数量论的思想渊源及其历史背景30

2．2 Formationand development of the traditional theory of monetary quantity32

2．2 传统货币数量说的形成与发展32

2．3 The Wicksell s challenge42

2．3 维克赛尔的挑战42

2．4 The Keynesian revolution47

2．4 凯恩斯革命47

2．5 The historical background of the springing up of the modern theory of monetary quantity53

2．5 现代货币数量论兴起的历史背景53

3 The modern theory of monetary quantity: its theoretical frame work for monetary analysis56

3 现代货币数量论的理论结构56

3．1 The quantity theory: nominal versus real quantity of money57

3．1 货币数量论：名义货币量与实际货币量57

3．2 Quantityequations59

3．2 货币数量方程59

3．3 Supply of money in nominal units68

3．3 名义单位的货币供给68

3．4 The demand for money70

3．4 货币需求70

3．5 The Keynesian challenge to the quantity theory76

3．5 凯恩斯学派对货币数量论的挑战76

3．6 单一共同模型84

3．6 A simple common model84

3．7 遗漏的方程：三种解决方法86

3．7 The missing equation: three approaches86

3．8 The missing equation: the third approachexamined89

3．8 遗漏的方程：弗里德曼的解决方法89

3．9 Some dynamic implications of the monetary theory of nominal income94

3．9 名义国民收入货币理论的某些动态意义94

3．10 Comparison of the three approaches96

3．10 三种不同方法的比较96

3．11 Correspondence of the monetary theory of nominal income withexperience98

3．11 名义国民收入的货币理论与实践的一致性98

3．12 调整过程100

3．12 The adjustment process100

4 The modern theory of monetary quantity: its theory and advocations of monetary policy108

4 “单一规则”的货币政策理论与主张108

4．1 货币政策力所难及的一些方面109

4．1 What monetary policy cannot do109

4．2 What monetary policy can do115

4．2 货币政策力所能及的一些方面115

4．3 坚持物价稳定的货币政策目标118

4．3 The objective of monetary policy: stabilizing price118

4．4 The instrument of monetary policy: open market operation121

4．4 以公开市场业务作为货币政策工具121

4．5 资产结构调整效应的货币政策传导机制125

4．5 The transmission mechanism of monetary policy: the adjustment effect of assets structure125

4．6 货币政策效果的时滞理论128

4．6 The effect of monetary policy: the theory of lag128

4．7 “单一规则”的货币政策规范135

4．7 The rule of monetary policy: a simplerule135

5 新自由主义的政治经济观139

5 Friedman spolitical and economic view: new liberalism139

5．1 The mechanism of free market is an optimal mechanism for capitalism economy140

5．1 自由市场机制是资本主义经济的理想机制140

5．2 Economic and political freedom147

5．2 经济自由与政治自由147

5．3 The role of government in a free society154

5．3 自由社会中政府的作用154

6 实证经济学的方法论165

6 Friedman s methodology: the methodology of positiveconomics165

6．1 Positive and normative economics166

6．1 实证经济学与规范经济学166

6．2 Value judgments in economics168

6．2 经济学中的价值判断168

6．3 Positive economics173

6．3 实证经济学173

6．4 The realism of assumptions and the testing of hypothesis180

6．4 假设的真实性与假说的检验180

6．5 The role of the assumptions of a theory182

6．5 理论假设的作用182

6．6 Some implications of economic theory186

6．6 经济理论的含义186

7 Friedman s other contributions to economics193

7．1 A theory of the consumption function: the permanent income hypothesis193

7．1 永久性收入的消费理论193

7 在经济学其他领域的贡献193

7．2 The theory of flexible exchange rates202

7．2 浮动汇率理论202

7．3 Price theory212

7．3 价格理论212

Appendix227

附录227

1 The announcement of the royal academy of sciences of Sweden(1976)229

1 瑞典皇家科学院公告（1976年）229

2 Inflation and unemployment: the new dimension of politics232

2 通货膨胀与失业：政治学的新领域232

3 Academic autobiography of Friedman : my evolution as an economist261

3 弗里德曼学术自传——我的经济学家历程261

4 Selected works of MiltonFriedman275

4 米尔顿·弗里德曼的主要著作275

References279

参考文献279

Postscript283

后记283