系统分析与设计方法 英文PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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PART ONE THE CONTEXT OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN1

CHAPTER1 Players in the Systems Game2

SoundStage Entertainment Club4

How to Use the Demonstration Case8

Why Study Systems Analysis and Design Methods？8

Information Workers9

System Owners9

System Users11

System Designers12

System Builders13

Systems Analysts13

Information Technology Vendors and Consultants13

The Modern Systems Analyst13

Why Do Businesses Need Systems Analysts？13

What Is a Systems Analyst？14

What Does a Systems Analyst Do？15

Where Do Systems Analysts Work？15

Modern Business Trends and Implications20

Total Quality Management20

Business Process Redesign20

Continuous Process Improvement21

Globalization of the Economy21

Information Technology Trends and Drivers22

Preparing for a Career as a Systems Analyst24

Working Knowledge of Information Technology24

Computer ProgrammingExperience and Expertise24

General Business Knowledge25

Problem-Solving Skills25

Interpersonal Communication Skills25

Interpersonal Relations Skills26

Flexibility and Adaptability27

Character and Ethics27

Systems Analysis and Design Skills28

The Next Generation29

Career Prospects29

Predictions29

Where Do You Go from Here？30

CHAPTER2 Information System Building Blocks36

SoundStage Entertainment Club38

The Product-Information Systems45

Transaction Processing Systems46

Management Information Systems47

Decision Support Systems47

Expert Systems48

Office Automation Systems48

Putting It All Together49

A Framework for Information Systems Architecture51

DATA Building Blocks52

PROCESS Building Blocks56

INTERFACE Building Blocks60

Using the Framework for Information Systems Architecture63

Where Do You Go from Here？66

CHAPTER3 Information Systems Development72

SoundStage Entertainment Club74

The Process of Systems Development75

The Capability Maturity Model76

Systems Life Cycle versus Systems Development Methodologies77

Underlying Principles for Systems Development79

A Systems Development Methodology84

Project Identification84

Project Phases86

Cross Life Cycle Activities92

Alternative Routes and Methods94

Model-Driven Development Route94

Rapid Application Development Route98

Commercial Off-the-Shelf Package Software Route100

Hybrid Approaches103

The Maintenance and Reengineering Route105

Automated Tools and Technology106

CASE-Computer-Aided Systems Engineering107

Application Development Environments109

Process and Project Managers110

Where Do You Go from Here？111

CHAPTER4 Project Management120

SoundStage Entertainment Club122

What Is Project Management？123

The Causes of Failed Projects125

The Project Management Body of Knowledge126

The Project Management Life Cycle132

Activity1-Negotiate Scope133

Activity2-Identify Tasks134

Activity3-Estimate Task Durations136

Activity4-Specify Intertask Dependencies137

Activity5-Assign Resources139

Activity6-Direct the Team Effort143

Activity7-Monitor and Control Progress144

Activity8-Assess Project Results and Experiences154

Where Do You Go from Here？154

PART TWO SYSTEMS ANALYSIS METHODS161

CHAPTER5 Systems Analysis162

SoundStage Entertainment Club164

What Is Systems Analysis？165

Systems Analysis Approaches167

Model-Driven Analysis Approaches167

Accelerated Analysis Approaches171

Requirements Discovery Methods172

Business Process Redesign Methods173

FAST Systems Analysis Strategies174

The Preliminary Investigation Phase174

Task1.1-List Problems，Opportunities，and Directives176

Task1.2-Negotiate Preliminary Scope178

Task1.3-Assess Project Worth179

Task1.4-Plan the Project179

Task1.5-Present the Project and Plan180

The Problem Analysis Phase181

Task2.1-Study the Problem Domain183

Task2.2-Analyze Problems and Opportunities185

Task2.3-Analyze Business Processes186

Task2.4-Establish System Improvement Objectives187

Task2.5-Update the Project Plan188

Task2.6-Present Findings and Recommendations188

The Requirements Analysis Phase189

Task3.1-Define Requirements192

Task3.2-Analyze Functional Requirements193

Task3.3-Trace and Complete Requirements195

Task3.4-Prioritize Requirements196

Task3.5-Update the Project Plan196

Ongoing Requirements Management197

The Decision Analysis Phase197

Task4.1-Identify Candidate Solutions199

Task4.2-Analyze Candidate Solutions200

Task4.3-Compare Candidate Solutions202

Task4.4-Update the Project Plan202

Task4.5-Recommend a Solution202

The Next Generation of Systems Analysis203

Where Do You Go from Here？205

CHAPTER6 Requirements Discovery212

SoundStage Entertainment Club214

An Introduction to Requirements Discovery215

The Process of Requirements Discovery218

Problem Discovery and Analysis218

Requirements Discovery219

Documenting and Analyzing Requirements221

Requirements Management223

Requirements Discovery Methods223

Sampling of Existing Documentation，Forms，and Files223

Research and Site Visits225

Observation of the Work Environment226

Questionnaires228

Interviews230

How to Conduct an Interview232

Discovery Prototyping237

Joint Requirements Planning（JRP）238

A Fact-Finding Strategy243

Documenting Requirements Methods244

Use Cases244

How to Document a Use Case245

Decisioin Tables247

Requirements Tables247

Where Do You Go from Here？249

CHAPTER7 Data Modeling and Analysis254

SoundStage Entertainment Club256

An Introduction to Systems Modeling257

System Concepts for Data Modeling260

Entities260

Attributes261

Relationships264

The Process of Logical Data Modeling273

Strategic Data Modeling273

Data Modeling during Systems Analysis275

Looking Ahead to Systems Design276

Automated Tools for Data Modeling277

How to Construct Data Models277

Entity Discovery277

The Context Data Model279

The Key-Based Data Model281

Generalized Hierarchies284

The Fully Attributed Data Model284

Analyzing the Data Model286

What Is a Good Data Model？286

Data Analysis288

Normalization Example288

Mapping Data Requirements to Locations297

Where Do You Go from Here？298

CHAPTER8 Process Modeling304

SoundStage Entertainment Club306

An Introduction to Systems Modeling307

System Concepts for Process Modeling310

Process Concepts310

Data Flows321

External Agents329

Data Steres330

The Process of Logical Process Modeling331

Strategic Systems Planning331

Process Modeling for Business Process Redesign332

Process Modeling during Systems Analysis332

Looking Ahead to Systems Design332

Fact-Finding and Information Gathering for Process Modeling334

Computer-Alded Systems Engineering（CASE）for Process Modeling334

How to Construct Process Models336

The Context Data Flow Diagram336

The Functional Decomposition Diagram337

The Event-Response or Use Case List339

Event Decomposition Dlagrams340

Event Diagrams340

The System Diagram（s）345

Primitive Diagrams347

Completing the Specification347

Synchronizing of System Models351

Data and Process Model Synchronization351

Process Distribution352

The Next Generation353

Where Do You Go from Here？355

CHAPTER9 Feasibility Analysis and the System Proposal362

SoundStage Entertainment Club364

Feasibility Analysis and the System Proposal364

Feasibility Analysis-A Creeping Commitment Approach365

Systems Analysis-Preliminary Investigation Checkpoint365

Systems Analysis-Problem Analysis Checkpoing365

Systems Design-Decision Analysis Checkpoing367

Four Test for Feasibility367

Operational Feasibility367

Technical Feasibility369

Schedule Feasibility369

Economic Feasibility370

The Bottom Line370

Cost-Benefit Analysis Techniques370

How Much Will the System Cost370

What Benefits Will the System Provide？371

Is the Proposed System Cost-Effective？373

Feasibility Analysis of Candidate Systems377

Candidate Systems Matrix377

Feasibility Analysis Matrix378

The System Proposal380

Written Report380

Formal Presentation383

PART THREE SYSTEMS DESIGN METHODS391

CHAPTER10 Systems Design392

SoundStage Entertainment Club394

What Is Systems Design？394

Systems Design Approaches395

Model-Driven Approaches395

Rapid Application Development（RAD）401

FAST Systems Design Strategies401

Systems Design for In-house Development-The Build Solution401

Task5.1-Design the Application Architccture403

Task5.2-Design the System Database（s）405

Task5.3-Design the System Interface405

Task5.4-Package Design Specifications407

Task5.5-Update the Project Plan408

Systems Design for Integrating Commercial Software-The Buy Solution408

Task4.1-Research Technical Criteria and Options408

Task4.2-Solicit Proposals （or Quotes）from Vendors411

Task5A.1-Validate Vendor Claims and Performances413

Task5A.2-Fvaluate and Rank Vendor Proposals413

Task5A.3-Award（or Let）Contract and Debrief Vendors414

Impact of Buy Decisions on Remaining Life Cycle Phases414

Where Do You Go from Here？415

CHAPTER11 Application Architecture and Modeling420

SoundStage Entertainment Club422

Application Architecture423

Physical Data Flow Diagrams424

Physical Processes425

Physical Data Flows428

Physical External Agents430

Physical Data Stores430

Information Technology Architecture430

Distributed Systems432

DATA Architectures-Distributed Relational Databases443

INTERFACE Architectures-Inputs，Outputs，and Middleware445

PROCESS Architecture-The Software Development Environment449

Application Architecture Strategies for Systems Design452

The Enterprise Application Architecture Strategy452

The Tactical Application Architecture Strategy452

Modeling the Application Architecture of an Information System453

Drawing Physical Data Flow Diagrams453

Prerequisites454

The Network Architecture454

DATA Distribution and Technology Assignments456

PROCESS Distribution and Technology Asslgnments456

The Person/Machine Boundaries458

Where Do You Go from Here？458

CHAPTER12 Database Design466

SoundStage Entertainment Club468

Conventional Files Versus the Database470

The Pros and Cons of Conventional Files470

The Pros and Cons of Database472

Database Concepts for the Systems Analyst473

Fields473

Records473

Files and Tables474

Databases475

Prerequisite for Database Design-Normalization481

What Is a Good Data Model？481

Conventional File Design482

Modern Database Design482

Goals and Prerequisites to Database Design483

The Database Schema483

Data and Referential Integrity488

Roles489

Database Distribution and Replication491

Database Prototypes492

Database Capacity Planning492

Database Structure Generation492

The Next Generation of Database Design493

Where Do You Go from Here？495

CHAPTER13 Output Design and Prototyping502

SoundStage Entertainment Club504

Output Design Concepts and Guidelines505

Distribution and Audience of Outputs505

Implementation Methods for Outputs509

How to Design and Prototype Outputs513

Automated Tools for Output Design and Prototyping513

Output Design Guidelines515

The Output Design Process517

Web-Based Outputs and E-Business525

Where Do You Go from Here？528

CHAPTER14 Input Design and Prototyping534

SoundStage Entertainment Club536

Input Design Concepts and Guidelines537

Data Capture Data Entry and Data Processing537

Input Methods and Implementation540

System User Issues for Input Design543

Internal Controls-Data Editing for Inputs544

GUI Controls for Input Design546

Common GUI Controls for Inputs546

Advanced Input Controls552

How to Design and Prototype Inputs552

Automated Tools for Input Design and Prototyping554

The Input Design Process554

Web-Based Inputs and E-Business560

Where Do You Go from Here？560

CHAPTER15 User Interface Design568

SoundStage Entertainment Club570

User Interface Design Concepts and Guidelines571

Types of Computer Users571

Human Factors572

Human Engineering Guidelines573

Dialogue Tone and Terminology574

User Interface Technology575

Operating Systems and Web Browsers575

Display Monitor575

Keyboards and Pointers576

Graphical User Interface Styles and Considerations577

Windows and Frames577

Menu-Driven Interfaces577

Instruction-Driven Interfaces584

Question-Answer Dialogues586

Secial Considerations for User Interface Design587

How to Design and Prototype a User Interface590

Automated Tools for User Interface Design and Prototyping590

The User Interface Design Process592

Where Do You Go from Here？597

PART FOUR BEYOND SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN603

CHAPTER16 Systems Construction and Implementation604

SoundStage Entertainment Club606

What Is Systems Construction and Implementation？607

The Construction Phase607

Task6.1-Build and Test Networks（If Necessary）607

Task6.2-Build and Test Databases609

Task6.3-Install and Test New Software Packages（If Necessary）609

Task6.4-Write and Test New Programs609

The Implementation Phase611

Task7.1-Conduct System Test612

Task7.2-Prepare Conversion Plan612

Task7.3-Install Databases615

Task7.4-Train Users615

Task7.5-Convert to New System616

Where Do You Go from Here？617

CHAPTER17 Systems Operations and Support622

SoundStage Entertainment Club624

The Context of Systems Operation and Support625

System Maintenance628

Task8.1.1-Validate the Problem629

Task8.1.2-Benchmark Program630

Task8.1.3-Study and Debug the program631

Task8.1.4-Test the Program631

System Recovery632

Technical Support633

System Obsolescence633

Task8.4.1-Analyze Enhancement Request635

Task8.4.2-Make the Quick Fix635

Task8.4.3-Recover Existing Physical System636

System Enhancement638

Where Do You Go from Here？638

PART FIVE ADVANCED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS643

MODULE A Object-Oriented Analysis and Modeling644

An Introduction to Object Modeling646

System Concepts for Object Modeling647

Object，Attributes，Methods，and Encapsulation647

Classes，Generalization，and Specialization649

Object/Class Relationships651

Messages654

Polymorphism654

The UML Diagrams655

The Process of Object Modeling656

Modeling the Functional Description of the System656

Finding and Identifying the Business Objects659

Organizing the Objects and Identifying Their Associations661

Modeling the Behavior of the Objects668

Where Do You Go from Here？668

MODULE B Object-Oriented Design and Modeling674

An Introduction to Object-Oriented Design676

Design Objects676

Object Responsibilities677

Object Reusability677

The Process of Object-Oriented Design678

Refining the Use-Case Model to Reflect the Implementation Environment678

Modeling Object Interaction and Behaviors that Support the Use-Case Scenario679

Updation the Object Model to Reflect the Imptementation Environment687

Additional UML Design and Implementation Diagrams687

Where Do You Go from Here？692

Glossary/Index695