材料的高温变形与断裂 英文版PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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Part Ⅰ High Temperature Deformation3

1 Creep Behavior of Materials3

1.1 Creep Curve3

1.2 Stress and Temperature Dependence of Creep Rate4

1.3 Stacking Fault Energy Effect9

1.4 Grain Size Effect10

References12

2 Evolution of Dislocation Substructures During Creep14

2.1 Parameters of Dislocation Substructures and Their Measurements14

2.2 Evolution of Dislocation Substructure during Creep16

2.3 Dislocation Substructure of Steady State Creep19

2.4 Inhomogeneous Dislocation Substructure and Long-Range Internal Stress22

References26

3 Dislocation Motion at Elevated Temperatures28

3.1 Thermally Activated Glide of Dislocation28

3.2 Measurement of Internal Stress31

3.3 Climb of Dislocations33

3.4 Basic Equations of Recovery Creep36

3.5 Mechanisms of Recovery37

References38

4 Recovery-Creep Theories of Pure Metals40

4.1 Introduction40

4.2 Weertman Model41

4.3 Models Considering Sub-Boundary42

4.4 Models Based on Dislocation Network47

4.5 Creep Model Based on the Motion of Jogged Screw Dislocation50

4.6 Summary of Recovery Creep Models52

4.7 Soft and Hard Region Composite Model53

4.8 Harper-Dorn Creep58

References66

5 Creep of Solid Solution Alloys69

5.1 Interaction Between Dislocation and Solute Atom69

5.2 Creep Behavior of Solid Solution Alloys72

5.3 Viscous Glide Velocity of Dislocations76

5.4 Creep Controlled by Viscous Glide of Dislocations78

References81

6 Creep of Second Phase Particles Strengthened Materials83

6.1 Introduction83

6.2 Arzt-Ashby Model85

6.3 Creep Model Based on Attractive Particle-Dislocation Interaction88

6.4 Interaction of Dislocation with Localized Particles91

6.5 Mechanisms of Particle Strengthening93

6.6 Grain Boundary Precipitation Strengthening96

References100

7 Creep of Particulates Reinforced Composite Material102

7.1 Creep Behavior of Particulates Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites102

7.2 Determination of Threshold Stress104

7.3 Creep Mechanisms and Role of Reinforcement Phase105

References110

8 High Temperature Deformation of Intermetallic Compounds111

8.1 Crystal Structures,Dislocations and Planar Defects111

8.2 Dislocation Core Structure115

8.3 Slip Systems and Flow Stresses of Intermetallic Compounds120

8.4 Creep of Intermetallic Compounds126

8.5 Creep of Compound-Based ODS Alloys133

References136

9 Diffusional Creep139

9.1 Theory on Diffusional Creep139

9.2 Accommodation of Diffusional Creep:Grain Boundary Sliding142

9.3 Diffusional Creep Controlled by Boundary Reaction144

9.4 Experimental Evidences of Diffusional Creep149

References151

10 Superplasticity154

10.1 Stability of Deformation154

10.2 General Characteristics of Superplasticity155

10.3 Microstructure Characteristics of Superplasticity158

10.4 Grain Boundary Behaviors in Superplastic Deformation160

10.5 Mechanism of Superplastic Deformation161

10.6 The maximum Strain Rate for Superplasticity167

References170

11 Mechanisms of Grain Boundary Sliding172

11.1 Introduction172

11.2 Intrinsic Grain Boundary Sliding172

11.3 Extrinsic Grain Boundary Sliding174

References180

12 Multiaxial Creep Models182

12.1 Uniaxial Creep Models182

12.2 Mutiaxial Creep Models183

12.3 Mutiaxial Steady State Creep Model185

12.4 Stress Relaxation by Creep186

References187

Part Ⅱ High Temperature Fracture191

13 Nucleation of Creep Cavity191

13.1 Introduction191

13.2 Nucleation Sites of Cavity192

13.3 Theory of Cavity Nucleation195

13.4 Cavity Nucleation Rate196

References197

14 Creep Embrittlement by Segregation of Impurities199

14.1 Nickel and Nickel-Base Superalloys199

14.2 Low-Alloy Steels202

References205

15 Diffusional Growth of Creep Cavities206

15.1 Chemical Potential of Vacancies206

15.2 Hull-Rimmer Model for Cavity Growth207

15.3 Speight-Harris Model for Cavity Growth211

15.4 The role of Surface Diffusion213

References215

16 Cavity Growth by Coupled Diffusion and Creep217

16.1 Monkman-Grant Relation217

16.2 Beer-Speight Model218

16.3 Edward-Ashby Model221

16.4 Chen-Argon model222

16.5 Cocks-Ashby Model225

References228

17 Constrained Growth of Creep Cavities230

17.1 Introduction230

17.2 Rice Model230

17.3 Raj-Ghosh Model233

17.4 Cocks-Ashby Model235

References238

18 Nucleation and Growth of Wedge-Type Microcracks239

18.1 Introduction239

18.2 Nucleation of Wedge-Type Cracks240

18.3 The Propagation of Wedge-Type Cracks242

18.4 Crack Growth by Cavitation244

References246

19 Creep Crack Growth247

19.1 Crack-Tip Stress Fields in Elastoplastic Body247

19.2 Stress Field at Steady-State-Creep Crack Tip251

19.3 The Crack Tip Stress Fields in Transition Period255

19.4 Vitek Model for Creep Crack Tip Fields259

19.5 The Influence of Creep Threshold Stress262

19.6 The Experimental Results for Creep Crack Growth264

References272

20 Creep Damage Mechanics274

20.1 Introduction to the Damage Mechanics274

20.2 Damage Variable and Effective Stress275

20.3 Kachanov Creep Damage Theory277

20.4 Rabotnov Creep Damage Theory279

20.5 Three-Dimensional Creep Damage Theory281

References283

21 Creep Damage Physics285

21.1 Introduction285

21.2 Loss of External Section286

21.3 Loss of Internal Section287

21.4 Degradation of Microstructure289

21.5 Damage by Oxidation295

References296

22 Prediction of Creep Rupture Life297

22.1 Extrapolation Methods of Creep Rupture Life297

22.2 θ Projection Method300

22.3 Maruyama Parameter302

22.4 Reliability of Prediction for Creep Rupture Property304

References306

23 Creep-Fatigue Interaction307

23.1 Creep Fatigue Waveforms307

23.2 Creep-Fatigue Failure Maps307

23.3 Holding Time Effects on Creep-Fatigue Lifetime310

23.4 Fracture Mechanics of Creep Fatigue Crack Growth312

References317

24 Prediction of Creep-Fatigue Life319

24.1 Linear Damage Accumulation Rule319

24.2 Strain Range Partitioning321

24.3 Damage Mechanics Method324

24.4 Damage Function Method326

24.5 Empirical Methods328

References329

25 Environmental Damage at High Temperature330

25.1 Oxidation330

25.2 Hot Corrosion338

25.3 Carburization342

References347

Appendix A349

Appendix B357

Index359