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PartⅠ Communication and Culture1

Chapter 1 Intercultural Communication:Interaction in a Changing World2

Importance of Intercultural Communication2

The Quantity and Quality of Intercultural Contacts3

International Contacts3

Domestic Contacts9

Approaching Intercultural Communication15

The Content of Intercultural Communcation15

A Philosophy of Intercultural Communication16

Individualism17

Studying Intercultural Communication17

Objectivity19

Preview of the Book19

Summary20

Activities21

Discussion Ideas21

Chapter 2 Communication and Culture:The Voice and the Echo22

Defining Communication22

Complexity of Communication23

Intentional and Unintentional Behavior23

Components of Communication24

No Direct Mind-to-Mind Contact27

Characteristics of Communication27

We Seek to Define the World28

We Can 0nly Infer28

Communication Is Self-Reflective29

The Brain Is an Open System29

Communication Has a Consequence30

We Are Alike and We Are Different31

Understanding Culture34

Basic Functions of Culture34

Definitions of Culture36

Characteristics of Culture37

Forms of Intercultural Communication48

Intercultural Communication48

A Definition of Intercultural Communication48

A Preview of Principles51

Summary52

Activities53

Discussion Ideas54

PartⅡ The Influence of Culture55

Chapter 3 Cultural Diversity in Perception:Alternative Views of Reality56

Understanding Perception56

Culture and Perception57

Beliefs58

Values60

Cultural Patterns60

Dominant American Cultural Patterns62

Diverse Cultural Patterns65

Summary85

Activities86

Discussion Ideas86

Chapter 4 The Deep Structure of Culture:Roots of Reality87

World View89

Religion as a World View90

A Comparison of World Views103

Family105

Importance,Functions,and Types105

Culture and Family106

History111

United States112

African Americans113

Jews114

Russians115

Chinese116

Japanese117

Discussion Ideas118

Summary118

Activities118

Part Ⅲ From Theory to Practice119

Chapter 5 Language and Culture:Words and Meanings120

The Importance of Language120

Language and Culture122

Culture and Meaning123

Culture and the Use of Language125

Foreign Languages and Translation131

Problems of Translation and Equivalence132

Working with a Translator134

Argot136

Language Diversity in the United States136

Co-Cultures and Language Use139

Summary144

Activities145

Discussion Ideas145

Chapter 6 Nonverbal Communication:The Messages of Action,Space,Time,and Silence147

The Importance of Nonverbal Communication147

Defining Nonverbal Communication149

Substituting150

Complementing150

Repeating150

Functions of Nonverbal Communication150

Regulating151

Contradicting151

Nonverbal Communication:Guidelines and Limitations151

Nonverbal Communication and Culture152

Body Behavior153

Space and Distance164

Time167

Silence170

Summary173

Discussion Ideas174

Activities174

Chapter 7 Cultural Influences on Context:The Business Setting175

Context and Communication175

Culture and the Business Context177

The International Business Context179

Cultural Views Toward Management and Managers179

Culture-Specific Business Practices182

The Domestic Business Context192

The Importance of Diversity in Advertising192

Value Conflicts in the Workforce193

Summary196

Activities197

Discussion Ideas197

Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context:The Exducational Setting198

Educational Differences199

Education in Korea200

Education in Japan201

Education in Mexico203

Multicultural Education in the United States204

Approaches to Multicultural Education205

Learning Styles205

Language Diversity210

Gender,Culture,and the Classroom214

Multicultural Teaching Competencies216

Classrooms of the Future:Technology as a Bridge217

to Culture218

Summary219

Activities221

Discussion Ideas221

Chapter 9 Cultural Influences on Context:The Health Care Setting222

Explanations,Treatment,and Prevention of Illness223

Cultural Variations in the Cause of Illness224

Cultural Variations in the Treatment of Illness225

Cultural Variations in the Prevention of Illness226

Religion,Spirituality,and Health Care227

Gender Roles and Health Care229

Male Dominance in the Health Care Setting229

Female Purity and Modesty230

Pregnancy and Childbirth230

The United States:Health Care in a Diverse Patient Population232

Self-Disclosure232

Language Barriers232

Nonverbal Messages233

Formality234

Improving the Multicultural Health Care Interaction235

Summary236

Activities237

Discussion Ideas238

Part Ⅳ Knowledge into Action239

Chapter 10 Accepting Differences and Appreciating Similarities:A Point of View240

A Philosophy of Change241

The Brain Is an Open System241

We Have Free Choice242

Seeking Similarities243

Potential Problems in Intercultural Communication243

Uncertainty Reduction244

Diversity of Communication Purposes245

Stereotyping and Prejudice246

Power248

Culture Shock249

Ethnocentrism250

Improving Intercultural Communication251

Know Yourself253

Consider the Physical and Human Settings255

Seek to Understand Diverse Message Systems257

Develop Empathy259

Encourage Feedback262

Learn About Cultural Adaptation263

Ethical Considerations265

A Definition of Ethics265

Guidelines for an Intercultural Ethic267

Summary271

Activities272

Discussion Ideas272

Notes273

Index293

文库索引304