信息系统工程中的符号学 影印版PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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1 Introduction1

1.1 Information and information systems1

1.2 Problems and challenges in information systems2

1.3 Approaches and methods for information systems development5

1.4 MEASUR:a semiotic approach to information systems7

1.5 About this book8

Part one Semiotic framework and methods11

2 Understanding semiotics13

2.1 Signs and their functions13

2.2 Semiosis and learning15

2.3 Semiotics in computing17

2.4 Semiotics in organisations and information systems19

3 A semiotic framework for information systems21

3.1 Philosophical stance21

3.1.1 Objectivist paradigm21

3.1.2 Subjectivist paradigm24

3.1.3 Radical subjectivist paradigm26

3.2 The semiotic framework26

3.2.1 Physics27

3.2.2 Empirics28

3.2.3 Syntactics29

3.2.4 Semantics30

3.2.5 Pragmatics31

3.2.6 The social level33

3.3 An example of semiotic analysis35

4 A semiotic approach to information systems development37

4.1 MEASUR37

4.2 How MEASUR can help in information systems development39

4.2.1 Infrastructure analysis40

4.2.2 Systems analysis,design and implementation46

4.3 Summary47

5 Knowledge representation and information analysis49

5.1 Some basic considerations in knowledge representation50

5.1.1 Expressive adequacy and notional efficiency50

5.1.2 Semantic primitives50

5.1.3 Types of knowledge51

5.2 Representation approaches52

5.2.1 Typical examples52

5.2.2 Conceptual graphs54

5.3 Some fundamental issues of information analysis56

5.4 The role of information analysis58

6 Semantic Analysis61

6.1 Theoretical aspects of Semantic Analysis61

6.1.1 Affordances61

6.1.2 Ontology and some other fundamental notions63

6.2 NORMA64

6.2.1 Well-formed formula65

6.2.2 Affordance and ontological dependency65

6.2.3 Semiotic behaviour67

6.2.4 Time67

6.2.5 Determiner and identity68

6.2.6 Generic-specific relationship68

6.2.7 Defining authority and responsibility69

6.2.8 Graphic representation-ontology chart69

6.3 Using LEGOL to specify Norms71

6.4 Conducting a Semantic Analysis73

6.4.1 Understand the problem domain74

6.4.2 Generating candidate affordances75

6.4.3 Candidate grouping76

6.4.4 Ontology charting78

6.4.5 Norm Analysis79

6.5 Commentary on Semantic Analysis80

7 Pragmatics and communication82

7.1 Hunan communication82

7.2 Other approaches to communication83

7.2.1 Speech Act Theory83

7.2.2 Functional approach86

7.2.3 Deontic logic for communication89

7.3 Pragmatic aspect of human communication94

7.4 The Norm Analysis method98

7.4.1 The concept of norms98

7.4.2 Norms in business organisations100

7.4.3 Norm Analysis102

7.4.4 Norms in computer systems106

8 The social layer:modelling organisations as information systems108

8.1 Organisations as information systems109

8.2 The notion of responsibility111

8.3 An organisational morphology112

8.4 Modelling the organisation113

8.5 Summary:requirements for an effective information modelling method114

Part two Applications117

9 From semiotic analysis to systems design119

9.1 The semantic aspect of databases119

9.2 Capturing the semantic aspect120

9.3 Capturing the time aspect121

9.4 Ontological modelling for conceptualisation123

9.5 Intentions,propositional attitudes and consequent operations124

9.6 Other aspects of databases:facts,beliefs,and knowledge125

10 Semantic temporal databases133

10.1 Databases133

10.1.1 Developments in database management systems133

10.1.2 Semantic temporal databases136

10.2 The semantic templates138

10.2.1 Defining a semantic template138

10.2.2 ST for database design139

10.3 Systems construction142

10.4 LEGOL143

10.4.1 Basic syntactic structure143

10.4.2 Some important operations145

11 Normbase:a new approach to information management150

11.1 The Normbase concept150

11.2 The Normbase system152

11.2.1 The Normbase engine152

11.2.2 The semantic temporal database154

11.2.3 The norm store155

11.3 Information management with the Normbase system156

11.4 Using semiotic methods with other approaches157

11.4.1 Relational database for implementation158

11.4.2 Object-oriented methods for design and implementation159

12 Case study:development of a land resources information system164

12.1 Background164

12.2 Semantic Analysis for requirements modelling165

12.3 Norm Analysis171

12.4 System design and implementation in the Normbase approach174

12.5 Discussions and conclusions179

13 Case study:development of a test construction system180

13.1 Background180

13.1.1 CONTEST project180

13.1.2 User requirements181

13.1.3 Why choose Semantic Analysis?184

13.2 System analysis186

13.3 System design190

13.4 System construction194

13.5 Discussion and conclusions194

Appendix A Semantic templates and surrogate specification196

A.1 Definition of ST196

A.2 Examples of using ST in discourse modelling197

A.3 Examples of surrogates199

Appendix B LEGOL applications in the CRIS case201

B.1 Questions and LEGOL statements201

B.2 Output from the Normbase203

Bibliography208

Index217