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Lesson 1 Nuclear Fission1

1.1 Discovery of Fission1

1.2 Coulomb and Nuclear Forces2

1.3 Fission Energy3

1.4 Products of Fission4

1.5 Cross Sections for Particle Interaction5

1.6 Particle Attenuation8

1.7 Neutron Diffusion9

Self-test9

关键字解释10

词汇11

课文注释13

Lesson 2 The Principle of Nuclear Reactors14

2.1 The Chain Reaction14

2.2 The Neutron Cycle in a Thermal Reactor15

2.3 Formalism for Describing the Multiplication Factor16

2.4 Conversion and Breeding18

2.5 Fuel Cycles20

Self-test22

关键字解释23

词汇24

课文注释26

Lesson 3 Nuclear Reactor Concepts27

3.1 History of Commercial Reactor Development27

3.2 Power Reactors28

3.3 Fast Breeder Reactors32

Self-test34

关键字解释35

词汇36

课文注释38

Lesson 4 Pressurized Water Reactor40

4.1 General40

4.2 Pressurized Water Reactor Components41

4.3 Introduction to the Nuclear Steam Supply System 80+43

Self-test46

关键字解释47

词汇48

课文注释49

Lesson 5 Reactor Vessel and Internals51

5.1 Reaetor Vessel51

5.2 Reaetor Vessel Internals54

Self-test56

关键字解释57

词汇58

课文注释59

Lesson 6 Reactor Core and Fuel60

6.1 Introduction60

6.2 Core60

6.3 Fuel Rod61

6.4 Fuel Assembly62

6.5 Control Element Assemblies and Drive Mechanisms64

6.6 Control Element Drive Mechanisms(CEDM)65

6.7 Neutron Sources66

6.8 Burnable Absorber Rod Assembly66

Self-test67

关键字解释67

词汇68

课文注释70

Lesson 7 The Main Components in PWR Coolant System71

7.1 Steam Generators71

7.2 Pressurizer73

7.3 Reactor Coolant Pumps and Motors76

Self-test77

关键字解释78

词汇79

课文注释80

Lesson 8 Pressurized Water Reactor Systems and Containment82

8.1 Plant Heat Balance and the Steam Cycle82

8.2 PWR Primary and Secondary Loops83

8.3 Auxiliary System for Primary Loop84

8.4 Containment86

Self-test90

关键字解释91

词汇92

课文注释93

Lesson 9 Nuclear Safety95

9.1 Safety and Hazards in Nuclear Power95

9.2 Reactor Accidents96

9.3 The Accident at Three Mile Island97

9.4 The Accident at Chernobyl98

Self-test101

关键字解释102

词汇103

课文注释104

Lesson 10 Small Nuclear Plants for Special Use105

10.1 Deep-sea Reactor X(DRX)105

10.2 Space Reactor Power System TOPAZ Ⅱ108

Self-test113

关键字解释114

词汇115

课文注释116

Lesson 11 Radiation117

11.1 Radioactivity117

11.2 Excitation and Ionization by Electrons119

11.3 Heavy Charged Particle Slowing by Atoms119

11.4 Heavy Charged Particle Scattering by Nuclei120

11.5 Gamma Ray Interactions with Matter121

11.6 The Properties of Alpha.Beta and Gamma Radiation123

Self-test124

关键字解释124

词汇126

课文注释127

Lesson 12 Nuclear Fuel Cycle129

12.1 Characteristics of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle129

12.2 Uranium Mining and Milling131

12.3 Conversion136

12.4 Enrichment of Uranium137

Self-test139

关键字解释140

词汇141

课文注释143

Lesson 13 Back End of Fuel Cycle145

13.1 Handling of Spent Fuel145

13.2 Reprocessing146

13.3 Alternative Reprocessing and Fuel Cycle Candidates148

13.4 Waste Disposal150

13.5 Categories of Nuclear Waste151

Self-test153

关键字解释154

词汇155

课文注释156

Lesson 14 Biological Effects of Radiation158

14.1 Introduction158

14.2 Basic Human Physiology158

14.3 Cell Biology160

14.4 The Interaction of Radiation with Cells161

14.5 The Somatic Effects of Radiation162

14.6 The Hereditary Effects of Radiation165

14.7 Discussion166

Self-test166

关键字解释167

词汇167

课文注释170

Lesson 15 Radiation Units and Maximum Permissible Doses171

15.1 Absorption of Energy171

15.2 Ionization171

15.3 Exposure——the Roentgen173

15.4 Radiation Absorbed Dose and Dose Equivalent173

15.5 Dose Rate and Flux174

15.6 Relationship of Units175

15.7 The Role of the ICRP176

15.8 Recommendations of ICRP(Publication 26,1977)178

15.9 Notes on the Dose Equivalent Limits for Workers179

15.10 Recommended Dose Equivalent Limits for Individual Members of the Public180

15.11 Planned Special Exposures180

15.12 Abnormal Exposures in Emergeneies or Accidents181

Self-test182

关键字解释183

词汇184

课文注释185

Lesson 16 Natural and Man-made Radiation186

16.1 Introduction186

16.2 Cosmic Radiation186

16.3 Radiation from Terrestrial Sources187

16.4 Radioactivity in the Body187

16.5 Natural Exposures for Humans187

16.6 Man-made Sources of Radiation189

16.7 Current Sources otMam-made Radiation190

16.8 Health Effects from Large Acute Doses191

16.9 Production of Radioisotopes192

16.10 Industrial and Research Uses of Radioisotopes and Radiation193

Self-test194

关键字解释195

词汇196

课文注释198

Lesson 17 Radiation Detection and Measurement199

17.1 General PrinciPles199

17.2 Ionization of a Gas199

17.3 So1id State Detectors201

17.4 Photographic Effect202

17.5 Activation Effect203

17.6 E1ectrical Circuits204

Self-test207

关键字解释208

词汇208

课文注释210

Lesson 18 The External Radiation Hazard211

18.1 Source of the Hazard211

18.2 Time211

18.3 Distance211

18.4 Shielding212

18.5 Neutron Sources215

18.6 Personal Dose Control216

18.7 Radiation Survey Monitoring217

18.8 Personnel Monitoring Equipment219

18.9 Radiation Records221

Self-test221

关键字解释222

词汇223

课文注释224

Lesson 19 The Internal Radiation Hazard225

19.1 Uncontained Radioactivitv225

19.2 Routes of Entry225

19.3 Annual Limits of Intake227

19.4 Control of the Contamination Hazard228

19.5 Routine Control of Contamination229

19.6 Radiotoxicity and Laboratory Classifications231

19.7 Design of Areas for Radioactive Work232

19.8 Treatment of Contaminated Personnel234

19.9 Contamination Monitoring235

Self-test237

关键字解释238

词汇239

课文注释241

Lesson 20 Radiation Hazards from Reactorsand Radioactive Waste242

20.1 Radiation Hazards from Reactors242

20.2 Fuel Storage Ponds246

20.3 Fuel Reprocessing247

20.4 Radioactive Waste248

Self-test253

关键字解释254

词汇255

课文注释257

Self-test参考答案258

后记259