国际物流 国际贸易中的运作管理 第2版PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

国际物流 国际贸易中的运作管理 第2版PDF格式电子书版下载

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Chapter One Introduction1

1-1 International Trade Growth3

1-2 International Trade Milestones4

1-2a The Bretton-Woods Conference4

1-2b The World Trade Organization4

1-2c The Treaty of Rome4

1-2d The Creation of the Euro4

1-3 Largest Exporting and Importing Countries5

1-4 International Trade Drivers5

1-4a Cost Drivers5

1-4b Competitive Drivers7

1-4c Market Drivers8

1-4d Technology Drivers9

1-5 International Trade Theories9

1-5a Smith's Theory of Absolute Advantage9

1-5b Ricardo's Theory of Comparative Advantage10

1-5c Heckscher-Ohlin Factor Endowment Theory10

1-5d International Product Life Cycle11

1-5e Porter's Cluster Theory11

1-6 The International Business Environment12

Key Terms13

Review and Discussion Questions13

Endnotes13

Chapter Two International Supply Chain Management15

2-1 Historical Development of International Logistics16

2-1a The Early,“Slow”Days16

2-1b The Move Toward Speed17

2-1c The Emphasis on Customer Satisfaction18

2-2 Definitions of Logistics and Supply Chain Management19

2-2a Logistics20

2-2b Supply Chain Management20

2-3 Definition of International Logistics22

2-4 Definition of International Supply Chain Management22

2-5 Elements of International Logistics23

2-6 The Economic Importance of Logistics24

2-7 The Economic Importance of International Logistics25

Key Terms26

Review and Discussion Questions26

Endnotes26

Chapter Three International Logistics Infrastructure29

3-1 Definitions30

3-2 Transportation Infrastructure30

3-2a Port Infrastructure31

3-2b Canals and Waterways Infrastructure36

3-2c Airport Infrastructure38

3-2d Rail Infrastructure40

3-2e Road Infrastructure42

3-2f Warehousing Infrastructure46

3-3 Communication Infrastructure46

3-3a Mail Services46

3-3b Telecommunications Services47

3-4 Utilities Infrastructure49

3-4a Electricity49

3-4b Water and Sewer50

3-4c Energy Pipelines50

Key Terms51

Review and Discussion Questions51

Endnotes51

Chapter Four Methods of Entry into Foreign Markets55

4-1 Entry Strategy Factors56

4-2 Indirect Exporting57

4-2a Export Trading Company(ETC)57

4-2b Export Management Corporation(EMC)58

4-2c Piggy-Backing59

4-3 Active Exporting60

4-3a Agent60

4-3b Distributor61

4-3c Additional Issues in the Agent-Distributorship Decision62

4-3d Marketing Subsidiary63

4-3e Coordinating Direct Export Strategies63

4-3f Foreign Sales Corporation(FSC)65

4-4 Production Abroad65

4-4a Subcontracting/Contract Manufacturing65

4-4b Licensing66

4-4c Franchising67

4-4d Joint Venture67

4-4e Subsidiary69

4-5 Parallel Imports71

4-6 Counterfeit Goods72

4-7 Other Issues in Methods of Entry73

4-7a Foreign Trade Zones(FTZ)73

4-7b Maquiladoras74

4-7c Foreign Corrupt Practices Act74

Key Terms75

Review and Discussion Questions75

Endnotes75

Chapter Five International Contracts77

5-1 Lex Mercatoria78

5-2 International Sales Contracts and the CISG79

5-2a Contract Formation80

5-2b Creation of the Contract80

5-2c Breach of Contract81

5-3 Agency versus Distributorship Legal Issues81

5-3a Contract Law versus Labor Law82

5-3b Home Government Restrictions82

5-4 Elements of an Agency or Distributor Contract83

5-4a Contract Language83

5-4b Good Faith83

5-4c Force Majeure84

5-4d Scope of Appointment84

5-4e Territory84

5-4f Corporate Accounts85

5-4g Term of Appointment85

5-4h Choice of Law86

5-4i Choice of Forum or Venue86

5-4i Arbitration Clause87

5-4k Mediation Clause87

5-4l Profitability or Commission87

5-4m Miscellaneous Other Clauses88

5-5 Termination90

5-5a Just Cause90

5-5b Convenience91

5-6 Arbitration91

5-7 Mediation93

Key Terms93

Review and Discussion Questions93

Endnotes94

Chapter Six Terms of Trade or Incoterms97

6-1 International Commerce Terms99

6-2 Understanding Incoterms99

6-3 Incoterm Strategy99

6-4 Ex-Works(EXW)100

6-4a Delivery under EXW101

6-4b Exporter's and Importer's Responsibilities under EXW102

6-5 Free Carrier(FCA)102

6-5a Delivery under FCA103

6-5b Exporter's and Importer's Responsibilities under FCA103

6-6 Free Alongside Ship(FAS)103

6-6a Delivery under FAS104

6-6b Exporter's and Importer's Responsibilities under FAS104

6-7 Free on Board(FOB)Port of Departure104

6-7a Delivery under FOB105

6-7b Exporter's and Importer's Responsibilities under FOB105

6-8 Cost and Freight(CFR)106

6-8a Delivery under CFR106

6-8b Exporter's and Importer's Responsibilities under CFR107

6-9 Cost,Insurance,and Freight(CIF)107

6-9a Delivery under CIF108

6-9b Exporter's and Importer's Responsibilities under CIF109

6-10 Carriage Paid To(CPT)109

6-10a Delivery under CPT109

6-10b Exporter's and Importer's Responsibilities under CPT109

6-11 Carriage and Insurance Paid To(CIP)110

6-11a Delivery under CIP110

6-11b Exporter's and Importer's Responsibilities under CIP110

6-12 Delivered Ex-Ship(DES)110

6-12a Delivery under DES111

6-12b Exporter's and Importer's Responsibilities under DES111

6-13 Delivered Ex-Quay(DEQ)112

6-13a Delivery under DEQ112

6-13b Exporter's and Importer's Responsibilities under DEQ112

6-14 Delivered at Frontier(DAF)112

6-14a Delivery under DAF113

6-14b Exporter's and Importer's Responsibilities under DAF113

6-15 Delivered Duty Unpaid(DDU)113

6-15a Delivery under DDU114

6-15b Exporter's and Importer's Responsibilities under DDU114

6-16 Delivered Duty Paid(DDP)114

6-16a Delivery under DDP115

6-16b Exporter's and Importer's Responsibilities under DDP115

6-17 Electronic Data Interchange115

6-18 Common Errors in Incoterm Usage116

6-18a Incoterms Confusion with Domestic Terms116

6-18b Incoterms Confusion with Older Incoterm Versions117

6-18c Improper Use of Correct Incoterms117

6-19 Incoterms as a Marketing Tool118

Key terms118

Review and Discussion Questions118

Endnotes119

Chapter Seven Terms of Payment121

7-1 Characteristics of International Payment Issues122

7-2 Alternative Terms of Payment124

7-3 Risks in International Trade124

7-3a Country Risk125

7-3b Commercial Risk126

7-3c Exposure126

7-4 Cash in Advance126

7-4a Definition126

7-4b Applicability127

7-5 Open Account127

7-5a Definition127

7-5b Applicability127

7-5c Commercial Insurance128

7-5d Factoring128

7-6 Letter of Credit128

7-6a Definition128

7-6b Process129

7-6c Additional Information132

7-6d Stand-By Letters of Credit135

7-6e Applicability135

7-6f URR 525135

7-7 Documentary Collection136

7-7a Definition136

7-7b Sight Draft136

7-7c Time Draft136

7-7d Date Draft137

7-7e Instruction Letter137

7-7f Trade Acceptance137

7-7g Banker's Acceptance and Aval138

7-7h URC 522138

7-7i Applicability138

7-7j Forfaiting139

7-8 Procurement Cards139

7-9 TradeCard140

7-10 Bank Guarantees141

7-10a Definition141

7-10b Guarantee Payable on First Demand (at First Request)141

7-10c Guarantees based upon Documents—Cautions141

7-10d Stand-By Letters of Credit141

7-10e Types of Bank Guarantees142

7-11 Terms of Payment as a Marketing Tool142

Key Terms143

Review and Discussion Questions143

Endnotes144

Chapter Eight Currency of Payment(Managing Transaction Risks)147

8-1 Sales Contract's Currency of Quote148

8-1a Exporter's Currency149

8-1b Importer's Currency150

8-1c Third Country's Currency150

8-1d The Special Status of the Euro151

8-2 The System of Currency Exchange Rates151

8-2a Types of Exchange Rates152

8-2b Types of Currencies156

8-3 Theories of Exchange Rate Determinations158

8-3a Purchasing Power Parity158

8-3b Fisher Effect161

8-3c International Fisher Effect161

8-3d Interest Rate Parity162

8-3e Forward Rate as Unbiased Predictor of Spot Rate163

8-3f Entire Predictive Model164

8-4 Exchange Rate Forecasting164

8-4a Technical Forecasting165

8-4b Fundamental Forecasting165

8-4c Market-Based Forecasting166

8-5 Managing Transaction Exposure167

8-5a Risk Retention167

8-5b Forward Market Hedges168

8-5c Money Market Hedges168

8-5d Options Market Hedges169

8-6 International Banking Institutions170

8-6a Central National Banks171

8-6b International Monetary Fund171

8-6c Bank for International Settlements171

8-6d International Bank for Reconstruction and Development—World Bank171

8-6e Ex-Im Bank172

8-6f Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT)172

8-7 Currency of Payment as a Marketing Tool172

Key Terms173

Review and Discussion Questions173

Endnotes174

Chapter Nine International Commercial Documents177

9-1 Documentation Requirements178

9-2 Invoices179

9-2a Commercial Invoice179

9-2b Pro-forma Invoice181

9-2c Consular Invoice181

9-2d Specialized Commercial Invoices182

9-3 Export Documents182

9-3a Export Licenses182

9-3b U.S.Export Controls183

9-3c Shipper's Export Declaration185

9-3d Certificates of End-Use187

9-3e Export Taxes188

9-3f Export Quotas188

9-4 Import Documents188

9-4a Certificate of Origin188

9-4b Certificate of Manufacture189

9-4c Certificate of Inspection190

9-4d Cettificate of Certification192

9-4e Phyto-Sanitary Certificate193

9-4f Certificate of Analysis193

9-4g Certificate of Free Sale193

9-4h Import License195

9-4i Consular Invoice195

9-4i Certificate of Insurance195

9-5 Transportation Documents195

9-5a Bill of Lading195

9-5b Uniform Bill of Lading197

9-5c Intermodal Bill of Lading197

9-5d Air Waybill197

9-5e Chatter Parties198

9-5f Packing List199

9-5g Shipper's Letter of Instruction199

9-5h Shipments of Dangerous Goods199

9-5i Manifest201

9-6 Electronic Data Interchange202

9-6a Proprietary Commercial Electronic Data Interchange202

9-6b Network Electronic Data Interchange:SWIFT's Bolero System202

9-7 Document Preparation as a Marketing Tool203

Key Terms204

Review and Discussion Questions204

Endnotes205

Chapter Ten International Insurance207

10-1 Pitfals of International Insurance208

10-2 Insurance Glossary209

10-3 Perils of the Sea210

10-3a Cargo Movements210

10-3b Water Damage211

10-3c Overboard Losses214

10-3d Jettison214

10-3e Fire215

10-3f Sinking216

10-3g Stranding216

10-3h General Average217

10-3i Theft218

10-3i Piracy219

10-3k Other Risks220

10-4 Perils Associated with Air Shipments222

10-5 Insurable Interest224

10-6 Risk Management225

10-6a Risk Retention225

10-6b Risk Transfer226

10-6c Mixed Approach226

10-7 Marine Insurance Policies226

10-7a Marine Cargo Insurance227

10-7b Hull Insurance228

10-7c Protection and Indemnity228

10-8 Coverages under a Marine Cargo Insurance Policy228

10-8a Institute Marine Cargo Clauses—Coverage A229

10-8b All Risks Coverage230

10-8c Institute Marine Cargo Clauses—Coverage B230

10-8d Institute Marine Cargo Clauses—Coverage C230

10-8e With Average Coverage231

10-8f Free of Particular Average Coverage232

10-8g Strikes Coverage232

10-8h War and Seizure Coverage232

10-8i Warehouse-to-Warehouse Coverage233

10-8i Difference in Conditions233

10-8k Other Clauses of a Marine Insurance Policy233

10-9 Elements of an Airfreight Policy234

10-10 Filing an Insurance Claim235

10-10a Notification235

10-10b Protection of the Damaged Cargo235

10-10c Filing of a Claim236

10-10d Carrier Liability Limits237

10-11 Lloyd's237

10-11a Principles238

10-11b Lloyd's in International Logistics239

10-12 Commercial Credit Insurance239

10-12a Risks Involved240

10-12b Risk Management Alternatives240

10-12c Insurance Policies Available240

Key Terms242

Review and Discussion Questions242

Endnotes243

Chapter Eleven International Ocean Transportation247

11-1 Types of Service248

11-2 Size of Vessels248

11-2a Dead-Weight Tonnage and Cubic Capacity249

11-2b Gross and Net Tonnage249

11-2c Displacement249

11-2d Plimsoll Mark and Load Lines250

11-2e Size Categories251

11-3 Types of Vessels252

11-3a Containerships253

11-3b Roll-On/Roll-Off Ships256

11-3c Break-Bulk or General Merchandise Ships257

11-3d Combination Ships258

11-3e LASH Ships258

11-3f Product,Chemical,and Crude Carriers259

11-3g Dry-Bulk Carriers261

11-3h Gas Carriers263

11-4 Flag264

11-5 Conferences266

11-6 Liability Conventions267

11-7 Non-Vessel-Operating Common Carriers268

11-8 Security Requirements269

11-8a United States'Security Requirements270

11-8b Other Countries'Security Requirements271

11-8c International Ship and Port Security(ISPS)271

11-8d Commercial Efforts271

11-8e Effectiveness of Security Measures271

Key Terms272

Review and Discussion Questions272

Endnotes273

Chapter Twelve International Air Transportation277

12-1 Types of Service279

12-2 Types of Aircrafts280

12-2a Passenger Airplanes280

12-2b Combis280

12-2c Freighters281

12-2d Charters283

12-3 International Regulations283

12-4 Freight Tariffs286

Key Terms286

Review and Discussion Questions286

Endnotes287

Chapter Thirteen International Land and Multi-Modal Transportation289

13-1 Truck Transportation290

13-2 Rail Transportation293

13-3 Intermodal Transportation296

13-3a Types of Seagoing Containers297

13-3b Land Bridges301

13-3c Liability Issues302

13-3d Aircraft Containers303

13-4 Freight Forwarders303

13-5 Project Cargo304

13-6 Alternative Means of Transportation305

13-6a Pipelines305

13-6b Barges306

Key Terms306

Review and Discussion Questions306

Endnotes307

Chapter Fourteen Packaging for Export309

14-1 Packaging Functions310

14-2 Packaging Objectives311

14-3 Ocean Cargo312

14-3a Full-Container-Load(FCL)Cargo312

14-3b Less-than-Container-Load(LCL)Cargo316

14-3c Break-Bulk Cargo316

14-3d Wood Requirements320

14-3e Markings321

14-4 Air Transport323

14-4a Containers323

14-4b Packaging Materials323

14-4c Markings324

14-5 Road and Rail Transport324

14-6 Security324

14-7 Hazardous Cargo326

14-8 Refrigerated Goods327

14-9 Domestic Retail Packaging Issues328

14-9a Size328

14-9b Legal Issues329

14-9c Storage and Transportation Environment329

14-10 Packaging as a Marketing Tool329

Key Terms330

Review and Discussion Questions330

Endnotes331

Chapter Fifteen Customs Clearance333

15-1 Duty334

15-1a Classification334

15-1b Valuation336

15-1c Rules of Origin337

15-1d Tariffs338

15-1e Dumping341

15-1f Other Taxes342

15-1g Value-Added Tax343

15-2 Non-Tariff Barriers344

15-2a Quotas344

15-2b Adherence to National Standards345

15-2c Other Non-Tariff Barriers346

15-2d Pre-Shipment Inspections347

15-3 Customs Clearing Process348

15-3a General Process348

15-3b Customs Brokers350

15-3c Customs Bonds350

15-3d Reasonable Care350

15-3e Required Documentation351

15-3f Required Markings351

15-3g Merchandise Visas352

15-3h Duty Drawbacks352

15-4 Foreign Trade Zones353

Key Terms354

Review and Discussion Questions354

Endnotes354

Chapter Sixteen Using International Logistics for Competitive Advantage359

16-1 Communication Challenges360

16-2 International English361

16-3 Special English363

16-4 Metric System363

16-5 Cultural Sensitivity365

16-6 Specific Advice366

16-6a Terms of Payment366

16-6b Currency of Payment366

16-6c Incoterms367

16-6d Document Preparation367

16-6e Packaging367

Key Terms368

Review and Discussion Questions368

Endnotes368

Glossary369

Index383