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Part 1 The Systems Analyst2

Chapter 1 The World of the Information Systems Analyst2

Systems Analyst at Consolidated Refineries3

Overview4

The Analyst as a Business Problem Solver4

Systems That Solve Business Problems6

Required Skills of the Systems Analyst10

The Environment Surrounding the Analyst13

The Analyst’s Role in Strategic Planning15

Rocky Mountain Outfitters and Its Strategic Information Systems Plan17

The Analyst as a System Developer （the Heart of the Course）26

Summary29

Key Terms29

Review Questions30

Thinking Critically30

Experiential Exercises30

Case Studies31

Further Resources33

Chapter 2 Approaches to System Development34

Development Approaches at Ajax Corporation, Consolidated35

Concepts, and Pinnacle Manufacturing Overview35

The Systems Development Life Cycle36

Activities of Each SDLC Phase43

Methodologies, Models, Tools, and Techniques47

Two Approaches to System Development51

Systems Development Life Cycle Variations59

Current Trends in Development61

Tools to Support System Development63

Summary68

Key Terms68

Review Questions69

Thinking Critically69

Experiential Exercises70

Case Studies70

Further Resources71

Chapter 3 The Analyst as a Project Manager72

Blue Sky Family of Mutual Funds: Managing the IRA and73

Educational Savings Plan Project Overview74

Project Management74

Project Initiation and Project Planning81

Defining the Problem84

Producing the Project Schedule87

Confirming Project Feasibility93

Staffing and Launching the Project102

Recap of Project Planning for RMO103

Summary105

Key Terms105

Review Questions106

Thinking Critically106

Experiential Exercises107

Case Studies107

Further Resources108

PART 2 Systems Analysis Tasks110

Chapter 4 Beginning the Analysis: Investigating System Requirements110

Mountain States Motor Sports111

Overview112

The Analysis Phase in More Detail113

Business Process Reengineering and the Zachman Framework116

System Requirements118

Stakeholders—The Source of System Requirements120

Techniques for Information Gathering124

Validating the Requirements141

Summary145

Key Terms146

Review Questions146

Thinking Critically146

Experiential Exercises147

Case Studies148

Further Resources149

Chapter 5 Modeling System Requirements150

Waiters On Call Meal-Delivery System151

Overview152

Models and Modeling152

Events, Activities, and Use Cases158

“Things” in the Problem Domain168

The Entity-Relationship Diagram175

The Class Diagram180

Where You Are Headed190

Summary191

Key Terms191

Review Questions192

Thinking Critically192

Experiential Exercises194

Case Studies194

Further Resources197

Chapter 6 The Traditional Approach to Requirements198

San Diego Periodicals: Following the Data Flow199

Overview200

Traditional and Object-Oriented Views of Activities/Use Cases201

Data Flow Diagrams201

Documentation of DFD Components217

Information Engineering Models226

Locations and Communication through Networks231

Summary235

Key Terms235

Review Questions235

Thinking Critically236

Experiential Exercises236

Case Studies237

Further Resources239

Chapter 7 The Object-Oriented Approach to Requirements240

Electronics Unlimited, Inc.: Integrating the Supply Chain241

Overview241

Object-Oriented Requirements242

The System Activities—A Use Case/Scenario View244

Identifying Inputs and Outputs—The System Sequence Diagram258

Identifying Object Behavior—The State Machine Diagram266

Integrating Object-Oriented Models275

Summary277

Key Terms277

Review Questions277

Thinking Critically278

Experiential Exercises281

Case Studies282

Further Resources285

Chapter 8 Evaluating Alternatives for Requirements,Environment, and Implementation286

Tropic Fish Tales: Netting the Right System287

Overview287

Project Management Perspective289

Deciding on Scope and Level of Automation290

Defining the Application Deployment Environment297

Choosing Implementation Alternatives303

Contracting with Vendors311

Presenting the Results and Making the Decisions313

Summary315

Key Terms315

Review Questions315

Thinking Critically316

Experiential Exercises316

Case Studies317

Further Resources318

PART 3 Systems Design Tasks320

Chapter 9 Moving to Design320

Fairchild Pharmaceuticals: Finalizing Architectural Design for a Production System321

Overview322

Understanding the Elements of Design322

Design Phase Activities327

Project Management: Coordinating the Project330

Deployment Environment334

Application Architecture337

Network Design344

Summary347

Key Terms347

Review Questions348

Thinking Critically348

Experiential Exercises348

Case Studies349

Further Resources349

Chapter 10 The Traditional Approach to Design350

Theatre Systems, Inc.: Something Old, Something New351

Overview352

The Structured Approach to Designing the Application Architecture352

The Automation System Boundary353

The System Flowchart355

The Structure Chart358

Module Algorithm Design: Pseudocode369

Integrating Structured Application Design with Other Design Tasks371

Three-Layer Design372

Summary377

Key Terms377

Review Questions377

Thinking Critically378

Experiential Exercises382

Case Studies382

Further Resources383

Chapter 11 The Object-Oriented Approach to Design:Use Case Realization384

New Capital Bank385

Overview386

Object-Oriented Design—The Bridge between Requirementsand Implementation386

Design Classes and Design Class Diagrams393

Realizing Use Cases and Defining Methods—Designing with Sequence Diagrams404

Developing a Multilayer Design413

Designing with Communication Diagrams420

Updating the Design Class Diagram422

Package Diagrams—Structuring the Major Components424

Implementation Issues for Three-Layer Design426

Summary429

Key Terms429

Review Questions430

Thinking Critically431

Experiential Exercises437

Case Studies437

Further Resources439

Chapter 12 Designing Databases440

Nationwide Books: Designing a New Database441

Overview442

Databases and Database Management Systems442

Relational Databases444

Object-Oriented Databases457

Hybrid Object-Relational Database Design464

Data Types468

Distributed Databases470

Summary478

Key Terms478

Review Questions478

Thinking Critically479

Experiential Exercises480

Case Studies480

Further Resources481

Chapter 13 Designing the User Interface482

Interface Design at Aviation Electronics483

Overview483

Identifying and Classifying Inputs and Outputs484

Understanding the User Interface486

Guidelines for Designing User Interfaces494

Documenting Dialog Designs498

Guidelines for Designing Windows and Browser Forms505

Guidelines for Designing Web Sites509

Designing Dialogs for Rocky Mountain Outfitters511

Summary519

Key Terms519

Review Questions520

Thinking Critically520

Experiential Exercises521

Case Studies521

Further Resources523

Chapter 14 Designing System Interfaces, Controls, and Security524

Downslope Ski Company: Designing a Secure Supplier System Intertace525

Overview526

Identifying System Interfaces526

Designing System Inputs530

Designing System Outputs538

Designing Integrity Controls548

Designing Security Controls554

Summary563

Key Terms563

Review Questions564

Thinking Critically565

Experiential Exercises567

Case Studies567

Further Resources569

PART 4 Implementation and Support572

Chapter 15 Making the System Operational572

Tri-State Heating Oil: Juggling Priorities to Begin Operation573

Overview574

Program Development575

Quality Assurance587

Data Conversion595

Installation597

Documentation602

Training and User Support606

Maintenance and System Enhancement608

Summary612

Key Terms612

Review Questions612

Thinking Critically613

Experiential Exercises614

Case Studies614

Further Resources615

Chapter 16 Current Trends in System Development616

Valley Regional Hospital: Measuring a Project’s Progress617

Overview617

Software Principles and Practices618

Adaptive Methodologies to Development622

Model-Driven Architecture—Generalizing Solutions640

Frameworks, Components, and Services643

Summary651

Key Terms651

Review Questions652

Thinking Critically652

Experiential Exercises653

Case Studies654

Further Resources655

Index657