神经病学 英文原版PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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Part I: The Patient Presents With1

Preface3

1.Disorders of Higher Cerebral Function3

The frontal lobe3

The parietal lobe4

The temporal lobe5

The occipital lobe6

Summary7

2.Disturbances of Consciousness9

Transient loss of consciousnss9

Coma12

3.Headache17

Differential diagnosis17

history18

Examination19

Summary20

4.Disorders of Smell21

Differential diagnosis21

Examination22

Investigations22

5.Visual lmpairment23

The visual pathway23

Clinical features of lesion localization23

Differential diagnosis25

Investigation of visual symptoms26

6.Disorders of the Pupisl and Eye Movements29

Pupil disorders29

Differential diagnosis of pupil disorders30

Disorders of eye movements32

The trigeminal nerve39

7.facial Sensory Loss and Weakness39

Differential diagnosis of facial sensory loss40

The facial nerve41

Examination and differential diagnosis of facial weakness42

Investigation of facial numbness and weakness42

8.Deafness and Tinnitus45

The auditory system45

Differential diagnosis of deafness46

Investigations47

Differential diagnosis of tinnitus47

The vestibular system49

Differenfial diagnosis of dizziness and vertigo49

9.Dizziness and Vertigo49

Investigations51

10.Dysarthria, Dysphonia, and Dysphagia53

Definitions53

Differential diagnosis of dysarthria54

Differential diagnosis of dysphagia55

Differential diagnosis of dysphonia56

11.Cerebellar Dysfunction57

The cerebellum57

Clinical features of cerebellar dysfunction58

Lesion Iolcalization60

12.Tremor and Other Involuntary Movements61

Tremor61

Asterixis62

Hemiballismus63

Chorea and athetosis63

Dystonia63

Myoclonus64

Habit spasms and tics64

Akathisia64

13.Limb Weakness65

Terminology65

Upper motor neuron weakness65

Patterns of upper motor neuron weakness66

Lower motor neuron weakness68

Patterns of Iower motor neuron weakness69

Disorders of the neuromuscular Iunction70

Myopathy (disorders of the muscle)70

Overview of conditions causing limb weakness72

The dorsal (posterior)column pathway73

14.Limb Sensory Symptoms73

The spinothalamic pathway74

Sensory syndromes74

Summary77

15.Disorders of Gait79

Differential diagnosis79

Part II: History, Examination, and Common Investigations83

16.Taking a History85

Things to remember when taking a history85

Structure of the history85

17.The Neurological Examination87

Speech87

Mental state and higher cerebral functios88

The cranial nerves91

Gait91

The motor system98

The sensory system104

General examination105

18.The Clerking107

Sample neurology clerking107

19.Further Investigations111

Routine investigations111

Neurophysiological inverstigations114

Imaging of the nervous sytem117

Part III: Background Information and Management Plans119

Epidemiology121

History and examination121

General clinical features121

Definition121

20.Dementia121

Investigations122

Management123

Primary degenerative dementia123

Vascular dementia124

Dementia as part of other degenerative diseases124

Definitions125

Classification125

Epidemilology125

Aetiology125

Pathophysiology126

Differential diagnosis127

History and investigations to aid diagnosis127

Clinical features127

Drug treatment128

Status enilenticus129

Neurosurgical treatment of epilepsy129

The social consequences of epilepsy129

Driving and epilepsy130

22.Headache and Craniofacial Pain131

Tension headache131

Migraine131

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis131

Management132

Cluster headache132

Giant-cell arteritis132

Other neurological causes of headache and craniofacial pain133

Non-neurological causes of headache and craniofacial pain133

21.Epilepsy133

Raised intracranial pressure133

23.Parkinson s Disease, Other Extrapyramidal Disorders, and Myoclonus135

Akinetic-rigid syndrome135

Dyskinetic syndromes138

Drug-induced movement disorders140

Myoclonus140

24.Common Cranial Neuropathies141

Olfactory nerve (first cranial nerve)141

Optic nerve (second cranial nerve)141

Oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves (third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerves)141

Trigeminal nerve (fifth cranial nerve)144

Facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve)144

Vestibulocochlear nerve (eighth cranial nerve)145

The lower cranial nerves-glossopharyngeal (ninth), Vagus (tenth), accessory (eleventh), and hypoglossal (twelfth)146

25.Diseases Affecting the Spinal Cord (Myelopathy)147

Anatomy of the spinal cord147

Maiot pathways in the spinal cord147

Causes of spinal cord disease148

26.Motor Neuron Disease153

Anatomy of the motor system153

Types of motor neuron disease(MND)153

Epidemiology154

Differential diagnosis154

Diagnosis155

Treatment155

Radiculopathy (nerve root lesions)157

Anatomy157

27.Radiculopathy and Plexopathy157

Plexopathies (lesions of the brachial or Iumbosacral plexus)158

28.Disorders of Peripheral Nerve161

Anatomy161

Nerve fibre type161

Pathological processes161

Definitions of neuropathies162

Symptoms of peripheral nerve disease162

Signs of peripheral neuropathy163

Investigation of peripheral neuropathy163

Specific neuropathies163

Neuropathies associated with systemic disease166

Summary167

Neuropathies caused by toxins167

Neuropathies caused by nutritional deficiencies167

29.Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission169

Normal anatomy and physiology169

Myasthenia gravis169

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome171

Other myasthenic syndromes171

Botulinum toxin171

30.Disorders of Skeletal Muscle173

Anatomy173

Clinical features of muscle disease173

Family history174

Investigation of muscle disease174

Specific muscle diseases174

Cerebrovascular disease179

31.Vascular Diseases of the Nervous System179

Intracranial haemorrhage184

Cerebrovascular involvement in vasculitis and connective tissue diseases186

Cerebral venous thrombosis186

Spinal cord vascular disease186

32.Intracranial Tumours189

Types of intracranial tumour189

Clinical features of intracranial tumours190

Investigation191

Treatment193

Prognosis193

33.Infections of the Nervous System195

General conditions195

Specific organisms and the neurological diseases they cause199

34.Multiple Sclerosis205

Incidence205

Pathogenesis205

Pathology205

Clinical features206

Differential diagnosis207

Management207

Other central demyelinating diseases208

35.Systemic Disease and the Nervous System209

Neurological complications of endocrine disease209

Neurological complications of renal disease209

Neurological complications of connective tissue disease210

Neurological complications associated with cardiac disease211

Neurological complications of neoplastic disease211

36.Effects of Deficiency Diseases and Toxins on the Nervous System213

Deficiency diseases213

Toxins214

37.Hereditary Conditions of the Nervous System215

Non-metabolic hereditary conditions215

Inborn errors of metabolism217

Part IV: Self-assessment219

Multiple-choice Questions221

Short-answer Questions225

Patient Management Problems226

MCQ Anesers228

SAQ Answers229

PMP Answers232

Index235